体外受精（IVF）
的 试管婴儿过程 是一个 commonly performed fertility treatment where eggs are removed from the ovaries and mixed with sperm. Eggs that fertilize become embryos and are transferred to the uterus in hopes that a pregnancy will result. IVF is used to overcome a variety of fertility difficulties. 的se include cases in which the tubes are blocked or the sperm count is low. IVF 是一个lso used in cases where the woman has decreased fertility potential, based on age or other causes. IVF 是一个lso used frequently in couples with "unexplained" infertility. This occurs when all the testing is normal, but a pregnancy has not resulted despite trying for 6 or more months.
胞浆内精子注射（ICSI）
胞浆内精子注射（ICSI） 是一个 laboratory procedure whereby, using micromanipulation, a single sperm is injected directly into the cytoplasm of a mature egg. This process increases the likelihood of fertilization when there are abnormalities in the number, quality, or function of the sperm or when there are problems with sperm penetration of the egg. ICSI must be done in conjunction with an in-vitro fertilization cycle.
谁从ICSI中受益？
- 夫妻因男性因素不育而被诊断为不育。有几种情况可导致男性因素不育。精子中可能完全没有精子，这种情况被称为无精子症，而男性中精子中的精子浓度可能很低，这被称为少精子症。当精子没有与女性输卵管中的卵子结合所需的向前游泳运动时，就会发生精子运动能力差的精弱症。男性不育男性也可能患有畸形精子症，畸形精子的百分比增加。精子的功能也可能会出现问题，降低其结合和/或受精卵的能力。
- 在先前的IVF周期中自然受精失败的患者。即使男性伴侣似乎具有正常的精子数量，活力和形态，也可能发生这种情况。
- 使用冷冻精子的患者数量和/或质量可能受到限制。
- 与精子结合的抗精子抗体或女性抗精子抗体的诊断被认为是不育的原因。
- 卵子数量少并且想要最大化受精机会的患者。
宫腔内人工授精（IUI）或人工授精
当女性释放卵（排卵）时，将执行IUI。用于授精的精子将由男性伴侣生产或从精子供体获得，具体取决于您的治疗计划。男性伴侣产生的精子将在实验室中用特殊溶液洗涤。使用连接到塑料注射器的细管（导管）将精子注入子宫。 IUI通常是一种有效的治疗方法 运动能力差的诊断 (sperm swimming ability) or if there 是一个n ejaculatory problem. 的 effectiveness of an IUI is naturally higher if sperm parameters are within the normal limits. Results depend on the age of the female partner, diagnosis and the treatments done in conjunction with IUI.
辅助Zona孵化（AZH）
辅助Zona孵化（AZH） 是一个 procedure that, in select patients, may help to increase the chances of embryo implantation and pregnancy. 的 preimplantation embryo is surrounded by a protective "shell" called the zona pellucida. This shell is necessary for embryo development up to the blastocyst stage (about day 5). Once the blastocyst has been formed, the embryo must break free (hatch) from the zona pellucida in order for implantation and pregnancy to occur.
AZH 是一个 micromanipulation technique performed when the embryo 是一个t Day 3 of development. 的 embryos are usually between the 6 to 8 cell stage. During the AZH procedure, a hole is created in the zona of the embryo using a laser. This is done a few hours before the embryo transfer. This gap in the embryo's zona facilitates the embryos ability to hatch free of the zona pellucida when it expands as a blastocyst in the uterus. One potential explanation for failure of implantation is that the embryo is unable to escape from the zona pellucida.
谁从AZH中受益？
辅助孵化对以下类型的患者最有用：
- 年龄超过38岁的患者
- 卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平升高的患者
- 由受过训练的胚胎学家测量，其胚胎的厚度比正常的透明带厚的患者
- 曾多次尝试IVF但植入失败的患者
AZH的好处是什么？
辅助孵化可能会增加胚胎植入的可能性，从而增加通过IVF怀孕的机会。
AZH有哪些风险？
的re 是一个 small risk of damaging the embryos during the assisted hatching procedure. All embryologists performing AZH at InVia Fertility are fully trained in the practice of AZH making the risk minimal.
植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）
PGD涉及从发育中的胚胎中取出单个细胞或卵裂球，并对其进行遗传疾病或染色体异常测试。结果，对于越来越多的遗传状况，PGD仅允许那些被诊断为没有遗传状况的胚胎转移回子宫以进行植入和可能的怀孕。
谁从PGD中受益？
Both fertile and infertile patients can benefit from PGD technology. PGD 是一个n excellent resource for those patients who:
- 有将遗传疾病传播给孩子的风险。开发了PGD以测试胚胎的遗传条件，在该遗传条件下已知特定基因。单基因疾病，例如泰西氏病，亨廷顿氏病，囊性纤维化和肌营养不良是其中的一些例子。他们是从母亲或父亲家中世代相传的。
- Are older than 35 years of age. 的 sperm and the egg each contribute 23 chromosomes to the resultant embryo for a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), including the sex chromosomes. If there 是一个n extra chromosome present or a chromosome 是一个bsent, termed aneuploidy, that embryo is considered genetically abnormal. With advanced maternal age (>35 years old) there 是一个n increased risk of a pregnancy having aneuploidy. 的 most talked about aneuploidy in women with advanced maternal age is Down's syndrome. This occurs when there are 3 copies of chromosome 21.
- 曾多次流产。使用PGD，我们可以测试7条染色体＃13、16、18、21、22和性染色体X和Y。某些染色体的额外副本（＃13、16、18、22）可能会导致流产或具有严重的先天缺陷的婴儿的出生，通常与生活不相容。
- 已经发现是“平衡易位”的载体。这个人有一套完整的23对染色体（共46条），看起来很健康，但是其中2条染色体已经交换了。直到他们开始尝试受孕时，这才不会对个人造成任何明显的问题。该人的最终胚胎可能是“不平衡易位”的携带者。流产在这种情况下非常普遍，但是可能会生出具有不同程度的先天缺陷的婴儿。
PGD何时执行？
PGD must be done in conjunction with an IVF cycle. After fertilization in the laboratory, the resultant embryo 是一个llowed to grow up to day 3. Specially trained embryologists then perform the biopsy and the cell 是一个nalyzed either by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 的 embryos diagnosed as normal will then be transferred back to the uterus and/or cryopreserved on day 5 at the blastocyst stage of development.
供体卵母细胞
一些妇女无法产生健康的卵子并无法怀孕。在许多情况下，使用供体卵是帮助不育妇女体验生育乐趣的唯一选择。
